Vliv robotiky na zaměstnanost, produktivitu, nerovnost a podíl pracovníků na HDP Evropské unie

Technological advances change the capital–labor ratio in the workplace and can sometimes completely alter the composition of the workforce in a fundamental way. These technological breakthroughs can often lead to a big increase in products and services, and even employment. Technological advances can also automate a lot of routine work which reduces the reliance on some workers. This study explores the effect of robots on economic growth using labor market data from 27 European Union countries from 1980 to 2020. We develop a detailed theoretical framework which is utilized to investigate the effect of robotics on the economy from four aspects, namely, employment, productivity, workers’ proportion of gross domestic product (GDP), reshoring, and income inequality. Moreover, this will be the first study to evaluate the effect of increased robot use on economic growth for a large sample of 27 economies both in the long run and the short run and comparing the impact of both in the context of these theoretical aspects. This comparison facilitates the assessment of the various patterns of influence to help with making informed policy decisions. This project also investigates the employment effect by the skills level and evaluates it in the long run versus the short run, in order to identify the segments that are more vulnerable to technological changes. More specifically, it will examine how this may impact the composition of the labor market by increasing employment in one sector while decreasing it in another. Lastly, by utilizing a more recent dataset compared to previous studies, this project seeks to detect the continuing effects of increased robot use on economic growth and presents policy recommendations in response.